Waste-energy recovery · gated by economics

Kigaya TorqueHalo™ recovery skid

The high-value architecture captures an existing waste shaft, braking event, pressure drop, or curtailed turbine stream with commercial generator skids. A compact annular magnetic-spring coupler is optional: keep it only when measured downtime and maintenance savings exceed its energy penalty and installed cost.

Recommended architectureWaste shaft → overrunning clutch → optional magnetic torsional coupler + bypass → commercial generator skid → protected site bus.

Electrical array

More strings increase raw output current and total required drive power
Belt, chain, gear, or horizontal-shaft transfer
Assumed regulator voltage—not predicted by this mechanical model

One-machine operating point

More magnets add force events and required drive torque—not free energy.
Model input—not a measured result

Practical starting point: 24 outer magnets at 115 rpm is the highest tested speed before sustained hard-stop chatter began at 120 rpm. The sampled high-output button intentionally loads a 23-magnet impact-heavy stress case for comparison. Neither is a measured hardware optimum.

Classical-mechanics core: one horizontal rotor angle plus six co-rotating radial spring coordinates, with magnetic and elastic potential energy, rotor and pod inertia, viscous and Coulomb damping, transducer reaction, and event-resolved inelastic stops. Gravity is normal to the modeled motion plane, so the frame and bearings carry weight without adding in-plane drive energy. The magnetic curve is illustrative until fitted to a measured force–gap table. Rotating pods require secure retainers, a guard, dynamic balancing, and rated power transfer.

Interactive 3D cutaway · springs rotate with the armsDRIVEN
12.0 mmrest face gap0.00 mmspring 1 compression
Drag to orbit
Rotor speed
—
actual shaft speed
Array input
—
external drive for every machine
Array electrical
—
all machines after conversion loss
Array efficiency
—
electrical energy ÷ total drive input
Best spring travel
—
peak-to-peak, six rotating arms
Generated energy
—
all array machines combined
Hard-stop impacts
—
one representative machine · target: 0
Energy-balance closure
—
target: 0 · signed numerical check

Series–parallel current architecture

This panel retains the original milliwatt modules as a benchmark. The facility planner above replaces enormous arrays of tiny transducers with a purpose-built modular generator bank.

Required input torque
—
at current stack speed
Coupling loss
—
extra drive-train heat
Total machines
—
series × parallel
Raw array voltage
—
matched loaded outputs
Raw array current
—
parallel strings add current
Direct-load current
—
at selected regulated voltage

Benchmark only: the existing transducer model remains useful for comparing motion, but it is not presented as a practical route to tens or hundreds of watts.

Waste-shaft recovery bank

Select the recoverable load and build it from serviceable commercial skids. The calculator works backward from electrical output to required waste-shaft power, generator torque, bus current, cooling, and economics. The six-arm animation remains a research coupler—not the power-producing architecture.

1 W to 10 MW delivered to the site load
Rated or measured input—not energy from the magnets
86.3%
Calculated from the five physical stages below
98.5%
97.0%
94.0%
97.0%
99.0%
1,200 rpm
Higher speed reduces generator torque, not input power
N+1-ready skids combine on a protected common bus
Before certified inverter / transformer equipment
24 h
Daily schedule; annual model also applies days and availability
Meters from shaft to each rotating pod
Magnet + spring carriage mass in kilograms
Site output target
—
continuous electrical load
Target daily energy
—
load target × scheduled hours
Required shaft input
—
at selected total efficiency
Source margin
—
available output-equivalent minus load
Total carousel torque
—
at actual carousel rpm
Commercial generator skids
—
target ÷ selected skid rating
Torque per module
—
at generator speed
Speed ratio
—
generator rpm ÷ carousel rpm
DC-bus current
—
before inverter / transformer
Heat at target
—
if target output is produced
Heat per module
—
first-pass cooling duty
Cooling at target
—
water-like loop, 10 °C rise
Carousel tip speed
—
radius × angular speed
Outward load per pod
—
centrifugal force and g-load
Scale vs benchmark
—
target ÷ present regulated output
Tiny harvesters rejected
—
benchmark count avoided by the skid architecture

Calculating facility-scale requirements…

Build path: measured waste shaft → overrunning clutch → selectable straight-through bypass or sealed annular magnetic-spring torsional coupler → commercial three-phase PM generator skid → active rectifier → protected DC bus → certified inverter, transformer, switchgear, and site loads. No battery is assumed. A grid tie or full-power dump load must absorb rejected power.

Economic gate · project and optional coupler

Profit comes from capturing cheap energy that would otherwise be wasted. First test the whole recovery project. Then test the magnetic coupler separately against a straight-through generator; bypass it unless its measured reliability value pays for its losses and capital.

95%
Used only for the purchased-electricity loop
90.3%
Straight-through reference without the optional coupler
$/shaft-kWh opportunity cost; use zero only if truly curtailed
$/kWh avoided or sold
365 d
70%
Below 100% needs backup, storage, or load shedding for firm power
Replace with vendor and construction quotes
Service, cooling, insurance, inspections, and repairs
Incremental cost above the direct-coupled generator
Avoided downtime + maintenance; set to zero until supported
5.0 yr
Economic gate for the project and optional coupler
Economic verdict
—
after the physical source check above
Source-to-load efficiency
—
motor included only for electric loop
Upstream power required
—
to sustain the realized output
Annual electrical output
—
realized power × scheduled hours
Annual input energy
—
upstream or shaft-equivalent energy
Input-energy cost
—
per operating year
Electricity value
—
per operating year
Delivered operating cost
—
input energy + O&M, per kWh
Annual margin
—
before financing, tax, and replacement
Break-even input price
—
after O&M, before capital recovery
Coupler energy penalty
—
versus selected direct-coupled efficiency
Simple payback
—
project cost ÷ positive annual margin
Maximum bankable capex
—
annual margin × target payback
Incremental coupler decision
—
reliability savings − energy penalty
Coupler-only payback
—
incremental cost ÷ incremental annual benefit

Calculating the source-to-load energy path…

Protected low-voltage auxiliary branch

The default case powers a small load from a limited DC/DC branch on the commercial bus. Switch to the tiny experimental array to see its measured milliwatt limitation without confusing it with the facility architecture.

The bus branch is the practical path; the tiny array remains an R&D comparison
A current-limited converter branch, not the full facility bus at low voltage
Hard output ceiling modeled for the protected DC/DC converter
9.0 V
Voltage presented directly to the load
2,200 mA
Continuous current requested by the device
90%
Model assumption—not a measured component result
Used only for the tiny-array pulse estimate—no battery or long-term collection
Used only when the tiny carousel benchmark is selected
Elapsed model time
00:00:00
simulated operating time
Available branch power
—
after the selected converter loss
Available current
—
at selected output voltage
Requested load
—
Measuring…
Output ripple
—
converter datasheet or tiny-array pulse estimate
Direct-output state
Measuring…
average-power check

Starting direct-load measurement…

This is an average-power and first-order ripple estimate—not a certified converter design. The practical branch needs isolation, fusing, current limiting, grounding, thermal protection, and the correct device protocol. It intentionally limits power before stepping the facility bus down to a touch-safe low voltage.

Ten-second array power trace

shaft inputelectrical outputlosses

How to use this model

  1. Start with the load, then confirm measured waste-shaft power is actually available at the required speed and schedule. The magnets are not counted as a fuel source.
  2. Adjust each physical efficiency stage. The total is their product, so the calculator increases source power and cooling duty to pay for every loss.
  3. Select the largest serviceable commercial generator skid that fits the job. A 1 MW case can use two 500 kW skids instead of roughly 84 million milliwatt harvesters.
  4. Set the opportunity cost of the recovered input, electricity value, utilization, installed cost, and O&M. The project passes only if its payback is inside your selected limit.
  5. Test the optional magnetic ring separately: enter only measured avoided-downtime and maintenance savings. If its coupler-only payback fails, use the straight-through bypass.
  6. Use the DC-bus current to see why voltage and modular feeders matter. Final premises or grid connection requires certified equipment and an engineer-approved protection study.
  7. Use the six-arm animation only to study repulsive-force curves, spring motion, balance, and torque ripple. The plant architecture uses a sealed annular torsional ring with stationary generator coils.
  8. Switch to Release and coast, then reset. With no input, electrical loading and friction must bring every rotor to rest.
Varray = NSVone  ·  Iarray = NPIone  ·  P = V I

The huge tiny-module count appears because the present benchmark is only about milliwatts per machine. Millions of rectifiers, wires, bearings, retainers, and failure points destroy cost and reliability. The redesign converts power once in a commercial generator; the magnets and springs only smooth torque or protect the shaft.